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Carbonate minerals and carbonate rocks are dominated by carbonate ion. In chemistry carbonate means the salt in carbonic acid. Carbonation, is the process carbon dioxide dissolving in water and as a verb it means: adding carbon dioxide to water or beverage. Sparkling water is an example of carbonated water which is known for everyone. In past centuries carbonate beverages were popular not only because of their sparkling but also because of their therapeutic reputation. In 17th century carbonate beverages were developed from Europeans attempt to imitate the natural effervescent waters of springs. Geothermal fluids contain carbonates and the formation of the carbonate minerals is due to carbonate precipitating out of solution. Carbonate deposits have many forms and beautiful colors. Generally they are formed in shallow and warm tropical seas freshwater lakes and oceans. There are eighty known carbonate minerals, such as dolomite, siderite, aragonite, calcite etc. Carbonate minerals other than simple carbonates include hydrated carbonates, bicarbonates, and compound carbonates containing other anions in addition to carbonate. It is notable that calcium carbonate also called chalk, in industries such as oil, plastic, healthcare, cement, glass and paper plays an important role.
By dropping of dilute (5% to 10%) hydrochloric acid on the rock, if you see bubbles they are a sign of carbonate mineral presence of the rock. The size of the bubble depends on the type of carbonate existing and on the temperature of pouring acid, so careful observation is necessary because bubbles released might be very tiny. For example magnesite reacts weakly but an obvious fizz could be seen by pouring warm acid on dolomite.
Many people like the fizzy and bubbly feeling on their tongue by using carbonate drinks. As carbonates are associated with not healthy drinks some may think carbonate itself is unhealthy, but there is no evidence for this fact. Some believe it is not good for digestion, but it is exactly the opposite and carbonate drinks even enhance digestion by improving swallowing ability. So carbonate water is a good alternative for sugary beverages.