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Talc General Information
Empirical Formula: |
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Environment: |
Hydrothermal alteration of
non-aluminous magnesian
silicates. |
IMA Status: |
Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1546 |
Name Origin: |
From the Arabic. |
Synonym: |
Kerolite, Magnesium Talc,
Soapstone, Steatite - massive |
There are important deposits of talc
in Austria, Italy, France, and Canada
and in the United States in California,
North Carolina, Texas, Georgia, and
Montana. Talc is used in making paper
(as a filler), paints, face and talcum
powder, soap, fireproof roofing, foundry
facings, lubricants, linoleum and
oilcloth, electrical insulation, and pottery.
TALC is also written as H2Mg3(SiO3)4,
which corresponds to 4.8% H2O;
31.7% MgO and 63.5% SiO2. It is essentially a secondary mineral
formed by the hydrothermal actions and
regional metamorphism of magnesium rich
rocks like dolomite, pyroxenite,
amphibolite, seerpentine, dunite and chlorite.
In pulverized form it is whiter in
appearance. The compact variety of talc
is called steatite or soapstone. The
word soapstone has been named probably
due to its soapy feel. The impure and
hard variety is called potstone, which
is mainly utilized for making carvings,
models, decorative vases, utensils, pots
and the like and hence the name
potstone.
French-chalk is the trade name of
pulverized talc of pure white quality
which forms the base for many cosmetics
and toilet preparations. Talc is valued
for its extreme softness, smoothness,
high lubricating and hiding power and
ability to absorb oil and grease. It is
chemically inert to acids and alkalies.
It has been found to be an excellent
filler. It can withstand temperatures
upto 1300ºC. It has law electrical and
thermal conductivity. Above all it can
be easily powdered, cut and sawn into
any shape and size. These properties in
talc are of extreme value for various
industrial applications described later
in this chapter.
Talc is found in three forms, fibrous,
nonfibrous and massive. The fibrous
variety consists of rich proportions of
tremolite, anthophyllite, and
serpentine. The nonfibrous variety
contains mostly of srpentine and
carbonates. Fibrous variety is slightly difficult to grind.
Talc Physical Properties
Hardness |
1 (can leave mark on paper) |
Specific gravity |
2.7 - 2.8 (average) g/cm3 |
Cleavage |
Perfect in one direction,
basal |
Color |
Pale green, White, Gray white, Yellowish white, Brownish white. |
Fracture |
Uneven to lamellar |
Crystal habits |
never in large individual
crystals, but if found are
flattened tabular crystals with
a hexagonal cross-section,
usually talc is found in compact
or lamellar masses. Forms pseudo
morphs (false shape) of other
crystals such as quartz, pyroxenes, olivine and amphiboles. |
Luster |
Vitreous, Pearly, Waxy |
Streak |
White |
Transparency crystals |
Translucent and masses are
opaque. |
Crystal system |
Trigonal; bar 3 2/m |
Other Characteristics |
Cleavage flakes are slightly
flexible but not elastic and
talc has a soapy feel to the
touch |
Associated |
Minerals include serpentine, dolomite, magnesite, quartz, pyroxenes, olivine, biotite and amphiboles. |
Best Field |
Indicators softness, color,
soapy feel, luster and cleavage. |
Talc Crystallography
Axial Ratios |
a:b:c =0.5778:1:2.0668 |
Cell Dimensions |
a = 5.27, b = 9.12, c = 18.85, Z = 4; beta = 100.016° V = 892.17 Den(Calc)= 2.82 |
Crystal System |
Monoclinic - Prismatic-M Symbol (2/m) Space Group: C 2/c |
X Ray Diffraction |
By Intensity (I/Io): 9.35(1), 1.53(0.55), 4.59(0.45) |
Other specification according to API or OCMA standards.
Optical Properties
Gladstone-Dale |
CI meas= 0.018 (Superior) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.042 (Good)- where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.2028,KPDmeas= 0.208, KC= 0.2117 |
Optical Data |
Biaxial (-), a=1.538-1.55, b=1.575-1.594, g=1.575-1.6, bire=0.0370-0.0500,
2V(Calc)=0-38, 2V(Meas)=0-30. Dispersion noticeable, r > v |
Pleochroism (x) |
Colorless |
Pleochroism (y) |
Pale green |
Pleochroism (z) |
Pale green |
Recommended Filled of Application
Kind of powder |
Talc |
Mica |
Kaolin |
Red Iron oxide |
Fluorine |
Dolomite |
Calcite |
Bentonite |
Barite |
Ceramics |
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Feed |
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Gerannlation (p.v.c) |
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Insecticide |
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lining |
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Paint |
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Plastic |
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Rulp & paper |
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Rubber |
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Textile |
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