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Talc Information
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Talc General Information

Empirical Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Environment: Hydrothermal alteration of non-aluminous magnesian silicates.
IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) 1546
Name Origin: From the Arabic.
Synonym: Kerolite, Magnesium Talc, Soapstone, Steatite - massive

There are important deposits of talc in Austria, Italy, France, and Canada and in the United States in California, North Carolina, Texas, Georgia, and Montana. Talc is used in making paper (as a filler), paints, face and talcum powder, soap, fireproof roofing, foundry facings, lubricants, linoleum and oilcloth, electrical insulation, and pottery.
TALC is also written as H2Mg3(SiO3)4, which corresponds to 4.8% H2O; 31.7% MgO and 63.5% SiO2. It is essentially a secondary mineral formed by the hydrothermal actions and regional metamorphism of magnesium rich rocks like dolomite, pyroxenite, amphibolite, seerpentine, dunite and chlorite.
In pulverized form it is whiter in appearance. The compact variety of talc is called steatite or soapstone. The word soapstone has been named probably due to its soapy feel. The impure and hard variety is called potstone, which is mainly utilized for making carvings, models, decorative vases, utensils, pots and the like and hence the name potstone.
French-chalk is the trade name of pulverized talc of pure white quality which forms the base for many cosmetics and toilet preparations. Talc is valued for its extreme softness, smoothness, high lubricating and hiding power and ability to absorb oil and grease. It is chemically inert to acids and alkalies.
It has been found to be an excellent filler. It can withstand temperatures upto 1300ºC. It has law electrical and thermal conductivity. Above all it can be easily powdered, cut and sawn into any shape and size. These properties in talc are of extreme value for various industrial applications described later in this chapter.
Talc is found in three forms, fibrous, nonfibrous and massive. The fibrous variety consists of rich proportions of tremolite, anthophyllite, and serpentine. The nonfibrous variety contains mostly of srpentine and carbonates. Fibrous variety is slightly difficult to grind.

Talc Physical Properties

Hardness 1 (can leave mark on paper)
Specific gravity 2.7 - 2.8 (average) g/cm3
Cleavage Perfect in one direction, basal
Color Pale green, White, Gray white, Yellowish white, Brownish white.
Fracture Uneven to lamellar
Crystal habits never in large individual crystals, but if found are flattened tabular crystals with a hexagonal cross-section, usually talc is found in compact or lamellar masses. Forms pseudo morphs (false shape) of other crystals such as quartz, pyroxenes, olivine and amphiboles.
Luster Vitreous, Pearly, Waxy
Streak White
Transparency crystals Translucent and masses are opaque.
Crystal system Trigonal; bar 3 2/m
Other Characteristics Cleavage flakes are slightly flexible but not elastic and talc has a soapy feel to the touch
Associated Minerals include serpentine, dolomite, magnesite, quartz, pyroxenes, olivine, biotite and amphiboles.
Best Field Indicators softness, color, soapy feel, luster and cleavage.

Talc Crystallography

Axial Ratios a:b:c =0.5778:1:2.0668
Cell Dimensions a = 5.27, b = 9.12, c = 18.85, Z = 4; beta = 100.016° V = 892.17 Den(Calc)= 2.82
Crystal System Monoclinic - Prismatic-M Symbol (2/m) Space Group: C 2/c
X Ray Diffraction By Intensity (I/Io): 9.35(1), 1.53(0.55), 4.59(0.45)
Other specification according to API or OCMA standards.

Optical Properties

Gladstone-Dale CI meas= 0.018 (Superior) - where the CI = (1-KPDmeas/KC)
CI calc= 0.042 (Good)- where the CI = (1-KPDcalc/KC)
KPDcalc= 0.2028,KPDmeas= 0.208, KC= 0.2117
Optical Data Biaxial (-), a=1.538-1.55, b=1.575-1.594, g=1.575-1.6, bire=0.0370-0.0500, 2V(Calc)=0-38, 2V(Meas)=0-30. Dispersion noticeable, r > v
Pleochroism (x) Colorless
Pleochroism (y) Pale green
Pleochroism (z) Pale green

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